What does the term "malware" refer to?

• A. Software that improves computer performance
• B. Malicious software that harms or exploits a system
• C. Programs that assist in software development
• D. A software application for managing data

Answer: (B)

The term "malware" specifically refers to malicious software designed to harm, exploit, or otherwise compromise a computer system, network, or device. This includes a wide range of harmful software types, such as viruses, worms, trojans, ransomware, and spyware, all of which can disrupt normal operations, steal sensitive information, or cause damage to systems.

In contrast, software that improves computer performance, assists in software development, or manages data do not fit the definition of malware as they are intended for legitimate and constructive purposes rather than causing harm or exploiting vulnerabilities. Therefore, identifying malware as malicious software underlines its harmful nature and the risk it poses to users and their systems.